Farming in US States: Land Size, Costs, and Where to Start

If you’re thinking about a farm, the first question is always "How much land do I need?" The answer depends on what you plan to raise and where you live. A small hobby farm can work on 5‑10 acres, while a commercial cattle operation often needs 20‑30 acres per herd. In the U.S., a 20‑acre parcel is a common benchmark because it gives enough room for pastures, a house, and basic infrastructure without breaking the bank.

How Much Land Do You Really Need?

For cattle, a rule of thumb is about 1–2 cows per acre on good pasture, but many experts recommend 0.5 cows per acre to avoid overgrazing. That means a 20‑acre field can comfortably support 10‑12 cows, which is a solid start for a family‑run operation. If you’re raising chickens or goats, you’ll need far less space—usually a few hundred square feet for a coop and some fenced runs. Don’t forget to factor in extra land for a house, storage, and future expansion. A 2BHK house on a half‑acre lot is typical in rural areas, leaving plenty of room for fields.

Best States for Affordable Farming Land

Virginia’s Southside and Southwest regions offer some of the cheapest land in the East. Towns there have low property taxes and prices that let your dollar stretch farther. Tennessee also stands out: building a 3,000 sq ft house in 2025 costs roughly $150 per sq ft, which is lower than many coastal states. West Virginia is another hidden gem—an acre can cost under $2,000 in some counties, making it possible to buy 20 acres for under $40,000. These states also have a steady supply of water and a growing market for local produce.

When you compare costs, remember that land price isn’t the only expense. You’ll need to budget for site preparation, fencing, water systems, and any necessary soil improvements. A quick calculation for a 20‑acre farm in West Virginia might look like this: $35,000 for the land, $10,000 for fencing, $5,000 for a well, and $8,000 for a basic barn. That puts you around $58,000 before you even start planting or buying livestock.

Finally, think about access to markets. States like Texas, while known for cheap rent, also have a huge network of buyers and processors for both crops and livestock. If you’re aiming for a niche market—organic vegetables or heritage breeds—being close to bigger cities can help you fetch better prices.

Starting a farm is a big step, but with the right acreage, realistic budgeting, and a state that offers affordable land, it becomes a realistic goal. Use the data above to sketch out your farm plan, compare a few states, and pick the one that matches your budget and lifestyle best.