Maryland Rental Laws: A Practical Guide for Tenants and Landlords

If you’re renting or renting out a place in Maryland, you’ll quickly learn that the state has a solid set of rules to keep things fair. Knowing the basics can save you from costly mistakes, whether you’re signing a lease, collecting a deposit, or dealing with repairs. Below we break down the most important parts of Maryland’s landlord‑tenant law in plain language.

Security Deposits Made Simple

Maryland lets landlords ask for a security deposit, but the amount can’t be higher than two months’ rent. Within 30 days after you move out, the landlord must return the deposit or send a written itemized list of any deductions. If they miss the deadline, they owe you double the deposit. To protect yourself, always get a written receipt and ask for a copy of the move‑out inspection report.

What Belongs in a Lease?

A lease in Maryland has to be in writing if it’s for a year or longer, but even a short‑term agreement should be written to avoid confusion. The lease must list the rent amount, due date, and any late fees. Landlords also need to disclose the name and address of the property owner or manager, and whether a broker was involved. If the unit is a “protected class” (for example, senior housing), additional disclosures apply. Keep a copy of the signed lease and any addenda – they’re your roadmap if a dispute pops up.

Eviction: Steps and Timelines

Evictions can’t happen overnight. First, the landlord must give you written notice. For non‑payment of rent, it’s a 10‑day notice; for a lease violation, it’s usually a 30‑day notice. If you don’t fix the issue, the landlord can file a complaint in the District Court. The court will set a hearing, and you have the right to appear and defend yourself. If the judge rules in favor of the landlord, a writ of possession is issued, giving you at least five days to move out. Knowing these steps lets you plan and possibly negotiate before it gets serious.

Habitability and Repairs

Maryland law says every rental must be “fit for human habitation.” That means working heat, hot water, safe wiring, and a roof that doesn’t leak. Landlords must fix any problem within a reasonable time after being notified. If they ignore the issue, you can either withhold rent (but only after a written notice and a 30‑day waiting period) or repair it yourself and deduct the cost from the rent. Document all communications and keep receipts – they’re essential if you need to prove the landlord’s neglect.

Rent Increases and No Rent Control

Maryland doesn’t have statewide rent control, so landlords can raise rent as they wish. However, they must give tenants at least 30 days’ written notice for an increase of 5% or less, and 60 days for larger hikes. The notice must state the new amount, the effective date, and any changes to other fees. If you receive a sudden jump that seems unreasonable, check your lease – some agreements cap increases or require a longer notice period.

Bottom line: staying on top of Maryland’s rental rules helps both renters and property owners avoid headaches. Keep all paperwork, read notices carefully, and don’t hesitate to ask for written clarification. When both sides understand the rules, renting becomes a smoother, more predictable experience.